Environmental sensitivities and critical areas Hormozgan province is located mainly in the Indian, African and part of the Bodmi regions of Iran. Animals such as the cheetah Canis rupali, the Iranian lion, which were once abundant in Iran, clearly show the influence of African influences. Iran’s animal communities have been greatly reduced by human invasions over the course of thousands of years, among which the following factors have played a major role in the reduction of wildlife: The complete reduction or destruction of forests and, in general, the plant cover that actually acts as a habitat and during different times, the area of ​​the territory and the habitat of wildlife have been reduced and animals have become inclined to non-original and low-yielding habitats in terms of food resources. And with the reduction of food resources and habitats, their number has decreased. Indiscriminate, unauthorized hunting of wildlife in non-original and low-yielding habitats, which in addition to easy hunting of animals, currently causes wild life habitats in the region due to the lack of strong defenders and weak control and supervision of the Environmental Protection Organization, due to immediate interests, excessive urban development And regardless of the biological resources of the environment and the abuses of profit-seeking and convenience-seeking people, it will decrease in terms of quantity and quality. Therefore, adopting the right policies according to the existing realities of the environment and managing the accurate implementation of environmental protection and improvement programs by the Environmental Protection Organization as part of the environmental action in the planning process in other economic-social sectors of the government can bring the environment out of its passive state. . Investigating the causes of the destruction of ecosystems in the region The factors that destroy ecosystems are divided into two categories: natural (bio-climatic) and human factors. Natural factors have always existed under the system of nature in all ecosystems in some way, but the presence of humans as the main factor of destruction has intensified the effect of natural factors. Investigating the natural factors of destruction of ecosystems in the region These factors are under the control of climatic elements, water, soil, landform, geology and vegetation, and the effect of each of them, together with other elements, causes changes and destruction in the ecosystem. In the province, the most important climatic limitations include the lack of rainfall, its inappropriate distribution and Flooding rains, droughts, high temperature and sweating, relative humidity and hot winds are the Arabian Peninsula and the Indian subcontinent. The limitations of water benefits include the lack of surface water sources, the absence of permanent waterways, the inappropriate quality of surface and underground water for drinking and agriculture, and the limited sources of fresh water. Soil limitations include a large area of ​​sand fields, salt marshes, and saline soils (salt domes), which itself causes a change in the quality of water sources. Improper texture and structure of the soil and its poor permeability and drainage, low soil depth, soil erosability are other limiting factors for soil biology. The limitations of the shape of the land include high slopes in the heights and lowlands and heights, the presence of bare and barren heights in the lowlands, the area being prone to flooding, the slight difference in the height of the waterways and the surrounding lands, which greatly contribute to the occurrence of floods. The geological limitations of the region can be described as the oldest geological unit of Zagros in Seri Hormoz province, which appeared in the form of salt domes (more than 800 domes). These domes have had many negative effects on the soil, water, vegetation and wildlife and have even changed the living conditions of living animals. On the other hand, the presence of folded Makran and Zagros highlands faults has turned the region into a seismically active zone, but the earthquakes that have recently occurred in the region have been small and large and with little destructive power, and some researchers believe that Considering the expansion of salt domes in the Zagros mountains, especially in the province, and the lack of correspondence between the epicenter of the earthquake and specific faults, it is possible that the occurrence of earthquakes is related to the existence of salt domes and their movements, because now many of these domes are in the active zone of Zagros. They have reached the surface of the earth. According to the relative risk zoning map of Hormozgan province, it is in the range of medium to severe risk in the Mercalli comparison. The limitations of the vegetation mainly include the fact that the vegetation of the area is basically thin and lacks dense canopy (because the vegetation of the area is basically located in the semi-tropical biome), due to the quantity and quality of the soil and the lack of water, the habitat has also deteriorated. which has a negative effect on the growth and development, breeding and reproduction of the plant. It is necessary to remember that the thin vegetation of the area is caused by the effect of other natural factors. Now, after stating the limitations of natural factors, it is better to mention that the limitations of each factor systematically have a cause and effect relationship with other factors. In other words, the limitations of each factor are not concrete ones resulting from the process and natural functioning of that factor, but are in relation to other factors. In short, the systematic process and the effect of natural factors on each other and ultimately the change in the function and shape of the ecosystem is as follows: lack of rainfall, high temperature causes the soil development process to be delayed. The vegetation based on it also depends on it, which has not expanded much under climatic restrictions. The flood rains that occur in the winter and spring seasons are the reason that the shallow soils of the bare lands or areas of the highlands (which have a high slope) are eroded, and large amounts of gravel and soil along with the flood waters caused by rainfall and floods are sent to the plains. Rivers flow in the region. This trend is more intense especially in the east of the province, which is affected by the humid air mass of the Indian peninsula. The lack of plant cover, which is the soil’s self-maintainer, aggravates the destructive effects of seasonal rainfall and floods, and the poor texture of the soil in the region and its poor permeability cause the intensification of flood flows. On the surface of the earth and underground reserves are not fed properly. The increase in temperature and lack of rainfall is also a kind of adaptation of living life to special climatic conditions. In this way, the plants reduce their evaporation and transpiration levels, and with the increase of thorns and bristles on the branches and leaves, and the leathery outer surface of the leaves and stems, and the decrease in the diameter of the transpiration evaporation holes, it actually causes a decrease in the excretion of their body water, which is of critical importance for them. It is also possible that the animals also try to reduce their activities in the exhausting heat of the day and be less exposed to extreme heat, and in this sense, we see that most of the wildlife in the region are active at night and make their nests in the crevices of rocks, tree trunks, and caves in the region. which has moderate microclimate conditions are chosen. The low amount of annual rainfall in the province, the lack of reserves of mountain precipitation (snow and glaciers) and high evaporation have caused the region’s waterways to have low discharge and most of them turn into swamps or marshes at the beginning of the summer season, and on the other hand, the passage of waterways from Saline, limestone, and chalk areas themselves cause a decrease in the quality of water for drinking, agriculture, and forestry purposes, and even by feeding fresh underground water reserves from surface saline water, the quality of these reserves is reduced. The vast expanse of sand fields, salt marshes and salt domes actually causes the decline of vegetation and wildlife. A clear example of this type of soil and land is the existence of badlands free of any vegetation, which have the smallest living life (plants and animals) on their bed. The flow of surface waterways on the areas with saline solutions are transferred to other lands and finally change the quality of the soil for the growth and development of plants. Improper texture and structure of the soil and the insignificant plant cover of the region cause the lands of the region to have a good ability for water and wind erosion. Due to their low slope and floodplains, the plains of the region create a suitable substrate for intensifying the process of water erosion, and the steep heights or barren lands are easily damaged by water erosion caused by flood rainfalls. (The natural carved forms of the lands are proof of their water and wind erosion). The presence of faults in the Makran highlands in the east of the province and folded Zagros in the north and northwest has also turned the region into an active zone in terms of earthquakes, which together with the inappropriate texture of the soil and bedrock and the existence of more than 800 salt domes can cause occurrences. An earthquake with significant intensity can destroy the natural ecosystem and sometimes the man-made ecosystem of the region. As stated, the vegetation cover of the region is basically tight and lacks thick crown and cover, and due to the quantity and quality of soil, lack of water, the environmental condition of the region has suffered many disturbances, so that plant growth and plant reproduction ability have also suffered. It has dropped, so it can be seen that the fruits and seeds of plants cannot easily create a young seedling by being placed on the soil bed. On the other hand, the life of wildlife is largely dependent on its habitat, which is mostly dense forests and pastures in some parts, but with the increasing trend of natural and human destruction factors, followed by the reduction of the level of plant cover, which are considered as a source of food and shelter from The loss of diverse animals in the region is also intensifying. Considering that the wildlife of the region has a lot of diversity, but due to the above-mentioned reasons and also the limitations of the bio-climatic environment, it has a small quantity. It is necessary to remind this point that the trend of natural factors on the destruction of regional ecosystems combined with human destructive factors has left double and irreparable effects on the body of regional ecosystems. Investigating the causes of ecosystem destruction (human) As we know, there are different types of natural factors affecting the natural ecosystem in all ecosystems, and the effects of ecosystem components on each other cannot be prevented. Nature is governed under a self-governing (Cybernetic) system, but sometimes humans, by interfering in the system, create a deep transformation in its form and function, which disrupts the natural course of the ecosystem. The factors that destroy the ecosystem of the region are mainly caused by human factors, and of course these human factors intensify the destructive effects of natural factors, for example, by cutting and destroying vegetation, humans directly or indirectly try to meet their livelihood needs or land. It turns natural land into agricultural land or plows steep and erosion-prone land and carries out agricultural operations on them. Areas that are under severe bio-climatic restrictions are destroyed more intensively. Excessive use of underground water reserves for urban and industrial use causes a decrease in underground water reserves that are suitable for drinking, and ultimately causes saline underground water to flow into it. Surface and underground water sources are exposed to all kinds of water and soil pollution, and therefore living life (humans, animals, and plants) dependent on it suffers to a great extent. Meanwhile, illegal hunting of wild life, like cutting and destroying the vegetation, has side effects on the ecosystem, and practically the genetic diversity of the living life is degraded and it is not possible to compensate for it. It is not possible to cut and destroy vegetation for rural purposes or to develop and compensate for it. Cutting and destroying vegetation for rural use or urban and industrial development causes the destructive effects of water and wind erosion to increase. Secondly, the plants that are known to retain water in the soil and improve the quality of the soil, practically, with their absence, the extent of barren and low-yielding lands will increase. In the end, it is necessary to mention this matter that currently, the indiscriminate development of urban and rural areas towards the natural ecosystems of the region is one of the important problems that, in addition to the important destructive factors, causes an increase in the level of destruction and change of natural ecosystems.